Briqueting-machine.



M. 0. WHITE & 0. 0. DURYEA. I

BRIQUETING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED 1330.23, 1910;

1,094,039. Patented Apr. 21, 191 1 16 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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M. 0. WHITE & 0. G. DURYEA. BRIQUETING MACHINE.

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' Patented Apr. 21, 1914.

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Mfc. WHITE & 0. 0. DUBYEA. BRIQUETING MAGHINE. APPLIOATION FILED DEQ. 23, 1910.

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APPLICATION FILED DBO. 23, 1 910. I 1,094,039. Patented Apr. 21, 1914 16 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

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BRIQUETING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED DEC. 23, 1910.

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M. 0. WHITE & 0.. G. DURYEA. BRIQUETING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED D30. 23, 1910.

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BRIQUETING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 23, 1910.

M. 0. WHITE & O. O. DURYEA.

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BRIQUETING MACHINE. APPLICATION IYILED DEC. 23, 1910.

1,094,039, Patented Apr: 21, 1914.

16 SHEETSSHEET 10.

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M. 0. WHITE & 0. c. DURYEA. BRIQUETING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED DEO.'23, V1910.

1 94,039, Patented Apr. 21, 1914.

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1,094,039. Patented A r.21,1914.'

M. 0. WHITE & 0. CPDURYEA.

BRIQUETING'MAOHINE.

APBLIGATION FILED DEC. 23, 1910.

1,094,039Q Patented Apr. 21, 1914.

16 SHEETS-SHEET 13.

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M-. 0. WHITE & OJ 0. DURYEA.

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BRIQUETING MACHINE.

APPLICATION TILED DEO. 23,1910.

Patented Apr. 21,

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BRIQUETING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 2a, 1910.

1,094,039.- Patented Apr. 21, 19M

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COLUMBIA PLANooRAPn-co WASHINGTON, D. c-'

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MORRIS 0. WHITE AND OTI-IO C. DURYEA, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BRIQUETING-MACHINE.

incense.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 21, 1914.

Application filed December 23, 1910. Serial No. 598,994.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that We, MORRIS G. WHITE and Orrro C. DURYEA, citizens of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a. new and useful Improvement in Briqueting- Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in machines for making briquets, bricks, blocks and the like articles of manufacture, by molding the same under pressure.

One of the characteristics of the present invention is that it forms the briquets, or the like, under pressure generated, in each instance, by the force of an explosion in an internal-combustion power-device, and therefore resembles, at least as far as this characteristic is concerned, the briqueting apparatus described and claimed in our application Serial No. L7 5,489, filed February 1, 1909.

Our present object is to provide a briqueting-machine of generally novel and improved construction, adapting it for turnmg out briquets of great and uniform density, having particularly great capacity, and being peculiarly economical in operation as to power and labor costs as well as maintenance expenses.

While certain novel features of the construction are especially applicable to a machine depending for its pressing or squeezing operations upon the force of explosions of an explosive mixture, other novel features thereof may be incorporated or applied to pressing or squeezing machines, and more especially briqueting-m aehines, generally.

In the practical embodiment of our improvements illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the briquet-molds are incorporated in a drum containing twelve rows of the molds, four in each row. In each mold is a briquet forming and ejecting plunger. The drum is rotated continuously from a power-shaft to which it is geared and moves across the discharge-end of a suitable feedhopper, or the like, while the plungers are retracted to cause the molds to be filled with the material to be briqueted. As the filled molds move uownward toward the horizontal plane, their outer ends move across and are closed by a swinging platen or thrust-head and the inner ends of the plungers register with a vibratory, plungerengaging pusher forming part of a reciproeating ram, The ram is operatively connected with the piston of an internal-combustion power-generator. The cylinder of the powergenerator communicates at its induction port with a pipe which supplies an explosive mixture under pressure. The induction and eduction valves of the said cylinder, as well as its sparking device, are actuated from the power-shaft which rotates the drum, so that the operations of the internal-combustion powergenerator are synchronized with the movement of the drum. In operation, as a row of molds moves into register with the said head or platen, their plungers are acted upon by the ram-mechanism, the vibratory pusher being thrust into engagement with the plungers, in the initial downward movement of the piston under the force of the compressed explosive-mixture directed into the cylinder, and the movement of the ram under said pressure initially compresses the material in the molds. The advance of the ram is effected by the piston through power multiplying mechanism, and when the latter nears the limit of its extension the sparker is actuated to explode the mixture and thus complete the formation of four briquets by the force of the explosion transmitted through the powermultiplying toggle. Shortly after the eX olosion the eduction or exhaust valve of the power-generator is opened, permitting the piston to return and scavenge the cylinder and withdraw the ram out of engagement with the plunger. In the further movement of the drum the plungers are caused to be engaged by cam-mechanism, which moves them outward to eject the briquets.

Referring to the drawingsFigure 1 is a side elevation of the machine showing a piston-returning air-supply tank, in dotted lines, and part of the casing of the drum broken away to expose the drunrdriving gear; Fig. 2, a top plan view; Fig. 3, a sectional view of the drum and supply-hopper, the section being taken on line 3 in Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a horizontal section taken, approximately, along line 4 in Fig. 1; Fig. 5, an enlarged broken section taken on line 5 in Fig. 2 through the power-cylinder; Fig. 6, a section on the same line as Fig. 5, but on a reduced scale, and showing the parts below the power-cylinder; ig. 7, a broken View showing an elevation of the inlet and igniter side of the power-cylinder; Fig. 8, a

similar view of the opposite, or exhaust, side of the power-cylinder; Fig. 9, a broken, partly sectional plan view, with certain features detached from each other, showing 5 toggle-operated ram-mechanism, the section being taken on irregular line 9 in Fig. 10; Fig. 10, a broken section taken on line 10 in Fig. 9; Fig. 11, a broken and enlarged vertical section of one end of the drum, with adjacent parts, the section being taken on line 11 in Fig. 1; Fig. 12, an enlarged sectional view of a platen-returning spring taken on line 12 in Fig. 1; Figs. 13 and 14 diagrammatic views showing the drum-driving 15 mechanism, a driving connection for the cylinder inlet, exhaust and sparking cams, as well as a driving connection for heaters in thehopper; Fig. 15, a perspective view of cotiperating parts, detached from each other, of the plunger-rannning mechanism; Fig. 16, a section on line 16 in Fig. 15; Fig, 17, a view'of one of a pair of end disks showing, in section, a stationary guide for one cross-head of the ram-mechanism, and showing also plunger advancing and retracting cam-race members on the disk; Fig. 18, one of a pair of stationary end-rings, formed with cam-race members, mounted upon and surrounding the disks shown in Fig. 17; 30 Figs. 19, 20 and 21, detail views, respectively, of sparker, inlet and exhaust cammechanisms 011 the cylinder; Fig. 22, a diagram of the timing of the briquet-forming operations with reference to those of the in- 5 ternal-combustion power-device; and Figs.

23 to 27, inclusive, broken views in the nature of diagrams illustrating the successive movements of operating parts in the formation of briquets.

Anchored to a suitable foundation is a base-frame 31 rising from one end of which is a standard 32 forming one of the supports of the internal-combustion power-cylinder 33. The cylinder is further supported by 45 a pair of columns 34 and is tied by its supports rigidly to the base-frame. in the cylinder is a piston 35 on a stem 36 passing through a stuffing-box in the lower cylinder head 37 and connected at its lower end with Q a cross-head 38 having upper and lower T- shaped projections 39 sliding in guides 40 on the standard 32. Extending from the under side of the cross-head in line with the stem 36 is a stem 41 (see Fig. 6) carrying a 5 cup-shaped piston 42 in a close, double-dashpot chamber 43. The chamber 43 contains oil and the stem 41 passes through a studing-box in the top of the chamber. The outersurface of the rim of the piston 42 is closely an annular face 44 in the lower part of the dash-pot. In the outer and inner faces of the rim are tapering nc-tches 42 forming gradually diminishing passages whereby, as the piston 42 moves along either 65 the face 44 or 45, the passage for oil from instance of twelve one to the other side of the piston is gradually reduced to cushion all the moving parts against shock.

Extending across the base 31 and suitably j ournaled in bearings thereon is a drive-shaft 46 carrying a pulley 47 whereby the shaft is driven by a belt from a line-shaft (not shown). In .the head 48 of the cylinder 33 are an inlet-port 49 and an exhaust-port 50. The inlet-port communicates through a passage 51 with a supply-pipe 52, indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. The pipe 52 may, in practice, extend from a suitable compressor and is equipped with a mixing-device to supply explosive mixture under desired pressure. Normally closing the port 49 is an inlet-valve 53 on a stem 54. On the stem is a piston 55 working in a chamber or cylinder 56, to balance the pressure against the valve, and the stem is held normally in raised position by a spring 57. Fitting against the exhaust-port 50 is an exhaust-mlve 58 on a stem 59 carrying a piston 60 in a chamber or cylinder 61. Extending through the stem 59 from its lower end to the chamber 61 is a passage 61, through which pressure may pass to the said chamber from the cylinder to balance the pressure against the exhaustvalve. The stem passes through a stallingbox 62 and is held normally in raised position by a spring 63. In the upper end of the cylinder 33 is a sparker 64 of the makeand-break type actuated by the plungerrod 65, shown most plainly in Figs. 5 and 7. The rod 65 is connected with a swinging finger 66 held normally in the position shown by springs 67. The upper end of the inletvalve stem is threaded and engaged by a cam-lever 68 pivoted upon a shaft 69; and the upper end of the exhaust-valve stem is threaded and engaged by a cam-lever 70 also pivoted upon the shaft 69. The stems and cam-levers are relatively adjustable and secured in adjusted position by the nuts 71. J ournaled in brackets 72 on the cylinder is a shaft 73 carrying the cams 74, 75 and the cam-roller 76. The inlet-valve lever 68 at its free end is equipped with a roller 77 ridon the cam 74; the exhaust-valve lever 79 is equipped at its free end with a roller 78 riding on the cam 75, and the sparker-finger 66 extends in the path of the cam-roller 76. The shaft 73 is driven through miter-gears 79 from a shaft 80 which in turn is driven through miter-gea rs 81 from a. shaft 82. The shaft 82 is driven through the mitergears 83 from the shaft 46, all as most clearly indicated in The reference numeral 85 designates a drum or mold-carrier nrde up in the present .dinally extending closely-fitting segmer presenting a smooth cylindrical face. Each segment is formed with four mold-sockets 86 fitted with liners forming molds 87 open at their inner and outer ends. The outer end-portions 88 of the molds are slightly flaring, while their inner endportions 89 are shaped to form straight cylinders. The inner parts of the segments form guide ways for longitudinally extending heads or plunger-bars 90. The inner faces 91 of the bars 90 are concave, as indicated most plainly in Figs. 3 and 15, and their opposite faces are formed with longitudinallyextending T-slots 92 receiving the flanged bases of the plungers 93.

Firmly bolted to the base 31 at opposite ends of the drum are standards 94 having firmly secured thereto central plates or disks 95 joined together by an integral U-shaped ramguide 96 extending centrally through the drum within the annular plane described by the molds. The inner faces of the disks 95 are formed with the coincident cam-races 97 and cam-shoulders 98. Fitting against and bolted to the disks 95 are rings 99 formed with outer-circumferential, V-shaped roller-bearing surfaces 100. On the ends of the drum are outer rings 101 formed with inner-circumferential, V-shaped roller-bearing surfaces 102; and interposed between the bearing surfaces 100, 102 are rollers 103, as shown, fitting the said bearing surfaces and held together in spaced relation by rings 104. The outer ring 101 nearest the drive-pulley 47 has peripheral gear-teeth 105 engaged by a pinion 106 on the drive-shaft 46. Surrounding the gear-teeth 105 and also the pinion 106 is a suitable stationary housing 107 to exclude dust. The plunger-bars 90 are provided at their opposite ends with rollers 108 which move in the cam-races 97 and in the cam-races provided by the inner camshoulders 98, on the disks 95, and outer camshoulders 109 formed upon the inner faces of the rings 99.

Mounted centrally of the base 31 is a standard 110 provided at its top with a horizontal bearing-plate or shoe 111.

Slidably mounted in the cross-head 38 is a bearing-block 112 for a shaft 113. The shaft 113 forms a bearing for a toggleleaf 114, or, in other words, a pivotal connection between the toggle-leaf and the sliding-block 112 of the cross-head 38. Resting slidably upon the bearing-plate 111 is one cross-head 115 of a ram-frame provided in its end-face with a longitudinally extending concave bearing-socket 116 receiving the convex end 117 of the toggle-leaf 114. At opposite ends the head 115 is connected by means of side bars 118 with opposite ends of another crosshead 119 of the ram-frame slidably moun ed in the stationary U-shaped ram-guide 96. Pivotally mounted in the head 119 is a swinging, or otherwise vibratory, pusher or ram-plate 120 having a convex outer end and held normally in the raised position, shown in Fig. 3, by suitable means, which may be the springs 122 shown. The distance of rise of the pusher may be regulated by means of an adjustable cam-plate 121 thereon which strikes against the cross-head 119.

Fulcrumed at 123 at the outer side of each standard 94 is a rocking support 124 movable between an adjustable stop 125 and a buffer-spring 126, both on the respective standards. Each rocking-support 124 forms at its upper end-portion a bearing for a stub-shaft 127. The numerals 128 designate swinging tie-bars secured at one end to the shafts 127 and at their opposite ends to the end-portions of the shaft 113. Pivotally secured to the stub-shafts 127 are the side-bars 129 of a stirrup-frame consisting of the said bars and a thrust-head 130 secured thereto. The thrust-head 130 is fitted with a shoe or platen 131 having a concave face adapted to fit against and conform to the outer circumferential face of the mold-drum 85, and close the outer ends of a row of molds. The stirrup-frameis held normally in raised position by rocking springsupports 132 shown in detail in Fig. 12. Each support comprises a lower head-portion 133 having a dash-pot or oil-chamber 134 and mounted on trunnions 135 in bearings 136 on the base-frame 31. The head-portion 133 carries a cylinder 137 with a telescoping cap 138. Confined between the base and the cap is a spring 139. Pivotally fastened by means of a yoke 140 to the respective bar 129 is a stem or bolt 141 passing through a bearing 142 in the head 133 and carrying a dash-pot piston 143 in the oil-chamber 134. The stem has a threaded portion 144 where it passes through an opening in the cap 138. The tension of the spring 139 may be adjusted by turning the nut 145 on the thread 144. The object of the dash-pot construction described is to cushion the stirrup-frame against shock when released and raised by-the springs 139, as hereinafter described.

Above the drum 85 is a stationary feedhopper 146. The hopper is open at the top and bottom and has flanges 147 resting in close contact with the surface of the rotating drum. Integral with the hopper are ears 148, loosely surrounding the upper end-portions of stationary pillars 149. Confined between the ears 148 and heads 150 on the pillars are springs 151 which press the ears downward and hold the hopper in yielding contact with the drum-surface. A tie-rod 152 connects the hopper with the cylinder 33 to steady it. Extending through the hopper is a pair of shafts 153 carrying beater-arms 154. The shafts are connected to rotate in opposite directions by means of the gearwheels 155, shown in Fig. 13, which are driven from a pinion 156 meshing with the drum-gear 105.

In the lower part of the cylinder 33 is a port 160 communicating through a pipe 161 with a compressedair cylinder 162, indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. The cylinder communicates through a pipe 168 with a compressed air-supplier (not shown), and interposed in the said pipe is a suitable pressureregulating valve 164.

In operation, the drive-shaft 46 rotates constantly and rotates the mold-drum at comparatively slow speed and the cam-shaft 78 at relatively high speed. In the present construction the speed of rotation of the cam-shaft with reference to the mold-drum is 12 to 1. In the rotation of the molddrum, in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 8, the plunger-bar rollers 108 enter the cam races 97 and are retracted to lower the plungers 98, so that the molds may be filled with the material to be briqueted while passing beneath the feed-hopper. The heaters tend to crowd the material down into the molds and the flanged edge of the hopper scrapes the top or outer end of the molds, so that they are all filled equally. The molds then move down to the platen 181. The upper edge of the platen is cut away, as shown at 165, in Fig. 8, to present an inclined surface onto which any overflow from the molds as they descend toward the platen will fall and be directed back into the molds as they pass down the platen. The movements of the drum and cam-shaft 78 are so timed that just previous to the closing of the exhaustvalve 58 the moving parts are in or approximately in the position indicated in Fig. 27. Immediately following the closing of the exhaust-valve the inletvalve 58 is opened, at which time the plungers 98 next to be actuated are in the plane of the dotted line 170 of the diagram, Fig. 22, the relative positions of the moving parts at the time being shown in Fig. 28. In the initial downward movement of the piston 85 under the pressure of the incoming compressed mixture the downward movement of the piston-stem 36 and cross-head 88 extends the toggle-leaf 114, slides the ram-frame (including the parts 115, 118, 119) and moves the swinging ramplate or pusher 120 into engagement with the alined plunger-bar 90. At this moment the plungers to be actuated are in the plane of the dotted line 171 of the diagram, Fig. 22, and the moving parts are in the position indicated at F ig, 24:. In the further movement of the piston 85 under the force of the incoming compressed explosive mixture, the parts are moved farther in the same direction until the inlet-valve 58 is released by its cam and the sparker-lever is released by the cam-roller 76. It is to be remarked that the cam-roller 76 engages the finger 66 to close contact between the sparker-points at about the same time that the inlet valve is opened, and releases the finger 66 immediately after the inlet-valve closes, to produce the spark. In the movement of the parts from the positions shown in Fig. 24, to those shown in Fig. 25, the downward movement of the piston 35 crowds the ram-frame and plungers forward to initially compress the material to be briqueted to a very material degree. This pressure reacting through the toggle against the sliding-block 112 causes the thrust-head to be drawn upon to press the platen 181 firmly against the surface of the drum over the row of molds. limited time that the platen is pressed against the drum, as described, the thrustframe is swung slight-1y downward against the resistance of its springs 189 in the movement of the drum, owing to the frictional engagement between the parts. At the time of the explosion of the mixture in the cylinder the plungers then being operated upon are in the plane of the dotted line 172 of the diagram Fig. 22 and the moving parts are in the positions shown in Fig. 25. Approximately the full force of the explosion, multiplied through the toggle-mechanism, is exerted against the briquets during the movement of the plungers from the said dotted line 172 to the line 178 of the diagram, Fig. 22. This pressure while slightly diminishing through radiation is maintained against the briquets until the plungers reach the plane of the line 174 of the diagram, Fig, 22, at which time the moving parts are in the relative positions indicated in Fig. 26, and the exhaust is opened by engagement of the cam with the camroller 78.

The stored pressure in the tank 162, though much lower than the pressure under which the explosive mixture is fed to the cylinder, is maintained suliiciently high to raise the piston and attendant parts quickly to initial position when the exhaust-valve is open. During the rise of the piston the cylinder is scavenged and the moving parts are retracted to the relatir e positions indicated in Fig. 27. In the initial retract-ivc movement of the parts the pressure of the platen 181 against the drum is relaxed, permitting the thrust-frame to be raised to initial position by the springs 189. At about the time that the said plungers reach the plane of the dotted line 175, in Fig. 22, the swinging pusher 120 becomes disengaged from the plunger-bar and is raised to initial position by its springs, or other returning means, 122. When the said plungers reach the plane of the dotted line 176 of the diagram, Fig. 22, the exhaust closes and the next set of filled molds reach the plane of the dotted line 170.

In the position shown is an inclined chute 180 terminating above a conveyer-belt 181. The molds register with the chute 180 when the platen rises and uncovers the molds. Immediately after the molds are uncovered the rollers 108 of the plunger-bar enter the During the 

